Biological Pollutants

Definition

Biological pollutants are the living microorganisms that can be found in the home. Some are visible and some invisible. Some biological organisms such as mold and pests can create health risks and also damage surfaces inside and outside the house.¹

Biological Contaminants

Animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, fleas, ants, bedbugs, infectious agents (bacteria or viruses), pollen, mold and mildew.¹

Sources of Contaminants

Some viruses and bacteria are carried by people, animals and plants. Pollen originates from plants. Household pets are common sources of animal dander. The protein in urine from rats and mice is a potent allergen that can become airborne when dried. Central air systems can become breeding grounds for mold, mildew, and other sources of biological contaminants if not properly maintained. Other moist environments in the home that include bathrooms, damp or flooded basements and rooms where humidifiers and dehumidifiers are used can also attract biological contaminants.¹

Health Impacts

Allergic reactions and the spread of infections are both common ⁻responses to biological contaminants. Symptoms for both include watery eyes, sneezing, congestion, coughing, dizziness, headache, itching and fatigue. More serious reactions include asthma events and shortness of breath. Infectious illnesses such as influenza and chickenpox are also transmitted through the air.¹ ²

Steps for Prevention and Remediation ¹ ²

Walk through your house to examine where you might see or smell biological contaminants and search thoroughly in the rooms where you notice health symptoms occurring most often (i.e. sneezing, coughing, nose running).
Search rooms for moldy or musty smells, visible moisture, water stains, leaks, insects and rodents, dust buildup, etc.
Check for mold in the most likely places: bathrooms, basements, rugs, refrigerator drip pans, and rooms with humidifiers.
Use exhaust fans in the bathroom and kitchen, especially during activities that produce increased moisture such as during and after showers and when cooking on the stovetop.
If using humidifiers and dehumidifiers, clean appliances according to the manufacturer and refill with fresh water daily.
Use a vacuum with high efficiency air (HEPA) filter and clean dust with a damp or microfiber cloth rather than dry dust. Vacuum and dust weekly and more often if you have pets and pet allergies.
Don’t forget about your attics and basements. Keep them clean from clutter that could attract pests, dry and well-ventilated to prevent mold.

See our pesticides link for more information on managing pests through integrated pest control.